Lovozersky District
ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ | |
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![]() View of the selo of Kanevka in Lovozersky District | |
![]() Location of Lovozersky District in Murmansk Oblast | |
Coordinates: 67Β°00β²N 38Β°00β²E / 67.000Β°N 38.000Β°E | |
Country | Russia |
Federal subject | Murmansk Oblast[1] |
Established | August 1, 1927[2][3] |
Administrative center | Lovozero[1] |
Government | |
β’ Type | Local government |
β’ Body | Council of Deputies[4] |
β’ Head[4] | Dmitry Pisarev[5] |
Area | |
β’ Total | 53,800 km2 (20,800 sq mi) |
Population | |
β’ Total | 11,820 |
β’ Density | 0.22/km2 (0.57/sq mi) |
β’ Urban | 71.2% |
β’ Rural | 28.8% |
Administrative structure | |
β’ Inhabited localities | 1 Urban-type settlements[8], 4 rural localities |
Municipal structure | |
β’ Municipally incorporated as | Lovozersky Municipal District[9] |
β’ Municipal divisions[9] | 1 urban settlements, 1 rural settlements |
Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK ![]() |
OKTMO ID | 47610000 |
Website | http://www.lovozeroadm.ru/ |
Lovozersky District (Russian: ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΜΠ·Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΜΠ½) is an administrative district (raion), one of the six in Murmansk Oblast, Russia.[1] Municipally, it is incorporated as Lovozersky Municipal District.[9] It occupies most of the central and northeastern parts of the Kola Peninsula. The area of the district is 53,800 square kilometers (20,800 sq mi).[6] Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Lovozero.[1] District's population: 11,820 (2010 Russian census);[7] 14,311 (2002 Census);[11] 18,263 (1989 Soviet census).[12] The population of Lovozero accounts for 24.3% of the district's total population.[7]
Geography
The territory of the district encompasses almost the entire northern half of the Kola Peninsula, excluding the town of Ostrovnoy. The Ponoy and Yokanga Rivers flow through the district's territory. The Kandalaksha Nature Reserve, a federal-level strict ecological reserve, covers a portion of the Barents Sea coast on the north of Lovozersky District.
History
The district was established on August 1, 1927, when the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) issued two Resolutions: "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast".[2] According to these resolutions, Murmansk Governorate was transformed into Murmansk Okrug, which was divided into six districts (Lovozersky being one of them) and included into Leningrad Oblast.[2] The administrative center of the district was established in the selo of Lovozero.[2]
On July 31, 1930, the administrative commission of the Leningrad Executive Committee granted the district an ethnic status.[13] The Presidium of the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee confirmed this decision on January 7, 1931.[13]
In 1934, the Murmansk Okrug Executive Committee developed a redistricting proposal, which was approved by the Resolution of the 4th Plenary Session of the Murmansk Okrug Committee of the VKP(b) on December 28-29, 1934 and by the Resolution of the Presidium of the Murmansk Okrug Executive Committee on February 2, 1935.[14] On February 15, 1935, the VTsIK approved the redistricting of the okrug into seven districts, although it did not specify what territories the new districts were to include.[14] On February 26, 1935, the Presidium of the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee worked out the details of the new district scheme and issued a resolution, which, among other things, transferred Kildinsky Selsoviet of the former Kolsko-Loparsky District to Lovozersky District.[14] However, Chalmny-Varrsky and Semiostrovsky Selsoviets of Lovozersky District were transferred to Saamsky District.[14] Chalmny-Varrsky Selsoviet, however, did not remain in Saamsky District for longβthe VTsIK Resolution of September 10, 1937 transferred it back to Lovozersky District.[14]
When Saamsky District was abolished on January 26, 1963, its selsoviets were transferred to Lovozersky District.[15]
On December 26, 1962, when the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR decreed to re-organize the Soviets of People's Deputies and the executive committees of the krais, oblasts, and districts into the industrial and agricultural soviets, Murmansk Oblast was not affected and kept one unified Oblast Soviet and the executive committee.[15] Nevertheless, on February 1, 1963, the Decree by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR established the new structure of the districts of Murmansk Oblast, which classified Lovozersky District as rural.[15] However, this classification only lasted for less than two years.[15] The November 21, 1964 Decree by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR restored the unified Soviets of People's Deputies and the executive committees of the krais and oblasts where the division into the urban and rural districts was introduced in 1962, and the districts of Murmansk Oblast were re-categorized as regular districts again by the January 12, 1965 Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR Decree.[15]
Demographics
Some of the district's population is SΓ‘mi, who are indigenous to the area.
There are also some Izhma Komi, who migrated there by the end of the 19th century from what is now the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.[16] The 2002 Russian census recorded 1,128 of them.[17][18]
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d Law #96-01-ZMO
- ^ a b c d Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, pp. 34-35
- ^ Official website of Lovozersky District. History of the district (in Russian)
- ^ a b Charter of Lovozersky District
- ^ Official website of Lovozersky District. Head of the District (in Russian)
- ^ a b Official website of Lovozersky District. District Overview (in Russian)
- ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 2010 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’ΠΎΠΌ 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 2010 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ The count of urban-type settlements may include the work settlements, the resort settlements, the suburban (dacha) settlements, as well as urban-type settlements proper.
- ^ a b c Law #574-02-ZMO
- ^ "ΠΠ± ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ". ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π» ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² β ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 3 ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural LocalitiesβAdministrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 2002 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 1989 Π³. Π§ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ², ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»-ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ² [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 1989 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°: ΠΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ a b Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, pp. 38β39
- ^ a b c d e Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, pp. 47β49
- ^ a b c d e Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 56
- ^ The Komi people
- ^ Yuri Shabayev, Valeri Sharapov, "The Izhma Komi and the Pomor: Two Models of Cultural Transformation", Journal of the Ethnology and Folkloristics vol. 5 no 1, 2011, pp.97-122 (retrieved March 22, 2014)
- ^ David G. Anderson (ed.), "The 1926/27 Soviet Polar Census Expeditions", 2013, ISBN 1782380981, Chapter 6: Igor Semenov, "Statistical Surveys of the Kanin Peninsula and the Samoed Question", pp.133-179
Sources
- ΠΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΡΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β96-01-ΠΠΠ ΠΎΡ 6 ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 1998 Π³. Β«ΠΠ± Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΒ», Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° β1953-01-ΠΠΠ ΠΎΡ 24 Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 2015 Π³. Β«Π Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ "ΠΠ± Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ"Β». ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: "ΠΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ", β10, ΡΡΡ. 3, 16 ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 1998 Π³. (Murmansk Oblast Duma. Law #96-01-ZMO of January 6, 1998 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Murmansk Oblast, as amended by the Law #1953-01-ZMO of December 24, 2015 On Amending the Law of Murmansk Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Murmansk Oblast". ).
- ΠΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΡΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β574-02-ΠΠΠ ΠΎΡ 29 Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 2004 Π³. Β«Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅, Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Β», Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° β1156-01-ΠΠΠ ΠΎΡ 23 Π½ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡ 2009 Π³ Β«ΠΠ± ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡ ΠΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΒ». ΠΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ 1 ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 2005 Π³. ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: "ΠΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ", β249, ΡΡΡ. 5, 30 Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 2004 Π³. (Murmansk Oblast Duma. Law #574-02-ZMO of December 29, 2004 On the Status, Names, and Composition of the Territories of the Municipal Formation of Lovozersky District and of the Municipal Formations It Comprises, as amended by the Law #1156-01-ZMO of November 23, 2009 On the Abolition of Several Inhabited Localities of Murmansk Oblast and on Amending Several Legislative Acts of Murmansk Oblast. Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
- ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². Π Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β64 ΠΎΡ 24 ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 2006 Π³. Β«Π£ΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ ΠΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΒ», Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄. Π Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ β313 ΠΎΡ 29 Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 2008 Π³ Β«ΠΠ± ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π£ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ ΠΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ β131-Π€Π ΠΎΡ 06.10.2003 (ΡΠ΅Π΄. ΠΎΡ 21.07.2007 β187-Π€Π) "ΠΠ± ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ"Β». ΠΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: "ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΡΠ°Π²Π΄Π°", β23, ΡΡΡ. 4β8, 12 ΠΌΠ°Ρ 2006 Π³. (Lovozersky District Council of Deputies. Decision #64 of January 24, 2006 Charter of the Municipal Formation of Lovozersky District of Murmansk Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #313 of December 29, 2008 On the Adoption of the Charter of the Municipal Formation of Lovozersky District of Murmansk Oblast, Amended and Supplemented in Accordance with the Federal Law #131-FZ of October 6, 2003 (revision #187-FZ of July 21, 2007) "On the General Principles of Organization of the Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation". Effective as of after the official publication.).
- ΠΡΡ ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π» ΠΠ΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΡΡ ΠΈΠ² ΠΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. (1995). ΠΠ΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ (1920-1993 Π³Π³.). Π‘ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ. ΠΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊ: ΠΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ "Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅Ρ".