Sortavala
Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π»Π° | |
---|---|
![]() An aerial view of the town center of Sortavala in 2020. | |
Coordinates: 61Β°42β²20β³N 30Β°41β²45β³E / 61.70556Β°N 30.69583Β°E | |
Country | Russia |
Federal subject | Republic of Karelia[1] |
First mentioned | 1468 |
Elevation | 5 m (16 ft) |
Population | |
β’ Total | 19,235 |
β’ Subordinated to | town of republic significance of Sortavala[1] |
β’ Capital of | town of republic significance of Sortavala[1] |
β’ Municipal district | Sortavalsky Municipal District[3] |
β’ Urban settlement | Sortavalskoye Urban Settlement[3] |
β’ Capital of | Sortavalsky Municipal District,[3] Sortavalskoye Urban Settlement |
Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK ![]() |
Postal code(s)[5] | |
OKTMO ID | 86610101001 |
Website | Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π»Π° |
Sortavala (Russian: Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π»Π°; Finnish and Karelian: Sortavala; Swedish: Sordavala), previously known as Serdobol (Π‘Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»Ρ) until 1918, is a town in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located at the northern tip of Lake Ladoga near the Finnish border, 246 kilometres (153 mi) west of Petrozavodsk, the capital city of the Republic of Karelia. The closest city on the Finnish side of the border is Joensuu, which is located 136 kilometres (85 mi) from Sortavala. In 2021, the population of Sortavala was 19,215.[6]
History
The district of Sortavala was first recorded in Swedish documents dating to 1468. Russian documents first mention it as Serdovol or Serdobol in 1500. It was ceded to Sweden after the Ingrian War.
With the 1721 Treaty of Nystad, the settlement was joined to Russia along with the rest of Old Finland and was given the Russian name Serdobol. It became known for its marble and granite quarries which provided materials necessary for construction of imperial palaces in St. Petersburg and its neighborhood. In 1812, along with the rest of Viipuri Province, it was joined to the newly formed Grand Duchy of Finland.
In 1917, the town remained a part of independent Finland. It suffered extensively from mass Soviet bombardment during the Winter War,[7] and through the Moscow Peace Treaty Finland was forced to cede the town to the Soviet Union. All of the population of the town was evacuated for the first time. Like the rest of Finnish Karelia, Sortavala was retaken by Finland during 1941β1944 (the period of the Continuation War) and most evacuees returned to rebuild their homes. However, after the armistice of 1944, the Finns were evacuated again and the town was ceded back empty of population. After the war, the town was resettled by the Russian and Karelian population.
Until 1940, the Ladoga shore southwest of Sortavala had been one of the very few relatively densely populated areas north of the Karelian Isthmus populated by Karelians.
Geography
Features
- Paasonvuori, 79.2 m. hill near Sortavala
Climate
Climate data for Sortavala | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high Β°C (Β°F) | 6.4 (43.5) |
8.8 (47.8) |
15.0 (59.0) |
22.0 (71.6) |
27.5 (81.5) |
32.0 (89.6) |
35.4 (95.7) |
29.9 (85.8) |
24.5 (76.1) |
18.4 (65.1) |
11.4 (52.5) |
9.4 (48.9) |
35.4 (95.7) |
Mean daily maximum Β°C (Β°F) | β5.3 (22.5) |
β4.6 (23.7) |
0.6 (33.1) |
7.0 (44.6) |
14.2 (57.6) |
18.8 (65.8) |
21.9 (71.4) |
19.6 (67.3) |
13.9 (57.0) |
7.2 (45.0) |
1.1 (34.0) |
β2.4 (27.7) |
7.7 (45.9) |
Daily mean Β°C (Β°F) | β8.4 (16.9) |
β8.1 (17.4) |
β3.4 (25.9) |
2.6 (36.7) |
9.0 (48.2) |
13.9 (57.0) |
17.2 (63.0) |
15.3 (59.5) |
10.2 (50.4) |
4.6 (40.3) |
β1.1 (30.0) |
β5.3 (22.5) |
3.9 (39.0) |
Mean daily minimum Β°C (Β°F) | β11.5 (11.3) |
β11.6 (11.1) |
β7.4 (18.7) |
β1.7 (28.9) |
3.7 (38.7) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
10.9 (51.6) |
6.5 (43.7) |
2.0 (35.6) |
β3.3 (26.1) |
β8.1 (17.4) |
0.1 (32.2) |
Record low Β°C (Β°F) | β42.8 (β45.0) |
β36.0 (β32.8) |
β28.3 (β18.9) |
β18.6 (β1.5) |
β6.6 (20.1) |
β0.8 (30.6) |
3.5 (38.3) |
0.8 (33.4) |
β5.8 (21.6) |
β12.3 (9.9) |
β24.8 (β12.6) |
β33.2 (β27.8) |
β42.8 (β45.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 47.2 (1.86) |
35.9 (1.41) |
34.6 (1.36) |
31.7 (1.25) |
42.9 (1.69) |
61.8 (2.43) |
58.0 (2.28) |
84.8 (3.34) |
63.5 (2.50) |
68.9 (2.71) |
65.9 (2.59) |
62.4 (2.46) |
657.6 (25.89) |
Source: Weather and climate in Sortavala |
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with two urban-type settlements and forty-seven rural localities, incorporated as the town of republic significance of Sortavalaβan administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the town of republic significance of Sortavala is incorporated as Sortavalsky Municipal District; the town of Sortavala and ten rural localities are incorporated within it as Sortavalskoye Urban Settlement.[3] The remaining urban-type settlements and rural localities are incorporated within the municipal district into two urban settlements and two rural settlements.[8]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Sortavala_-_streets_of_Ulitsa_Karel%27skaya_%26_Ulitsa_Vyaynemyaynena.jpg/220px-Sortavala_-_streets_of_Ulitsa_Karel%27skaya_%26_Ulitsa_Vyaynemyaynena.jpg)
Transportation
Sortavala is a railway station on the Khiytola-MatkaselkΓ€ railway.
Layout and development
Architecture
The central part of the city consists mainly of stone 3-4-storey buildings built at the beginning of the XX century (until the 1930s). As a rule, these are buildings in the style of Northern Art Nouveau (national Romanticism), neoclassicism, the most recent β functionalism, their authors are the most famous Finnish architects Uno Werner Ullberg, Gottlieb Eliel Saarinen, Johan Jacob Arenberg, etc. In addition, a large number of wooden buildings built in the middle of the XIX century, usually in the Empire style, have been preserved. The most notable buildings are:[9]
- The building of the Bank of Finland (arch. Uno Ulberg, 1915)
- The building of the United Bank of the Nordic Countries (architect firm GLS, 1905)
- Lyceum building (arch. Johan Jacob Arenberg, 1901)
- The gymnasium building (arch. Johan Jakob Arenberg, 1911)
- The administration building of the Orthodox Church of Finland and the Church of St. John the Apostle (arch. Juhani Viiste, 1935)
- The house of the merchant Siitonen (arch. Ustin).
- Wing of the Evangelical Community house
-
"Leander's House." Arch. Eliel Saarinen
-
United Bank of the Nordic Countries (now the Post Office). Arch. Uno Werner Ullberg
-
The former building of the publishing house of spiritual literature Risti ja Raamattu. Arch. Vyane Leander
-
The former Finnish Bank (now the Bank of Russia). Arch. Uno Werner Ulberg
-
Former women's gymnasium. Arch. Johan Jakob Arenberg
-
Former women's Gymnasium
-
St. Nicholas Church. Arch. Nikolay Grebenka
Industry
Urban development enterprise - Karelian Industrial Complex.
Notable people
- Alexander Semyonovich Belyakov (born 1945), Russian politician
- Aarne Juutilainen (1904β1976), Finnish army captain, also known as nickname "The Terror of Morocco"
- Martti Kosma (1927β1999), former manager of the Finland national football team
Twin towns and sister cities
See also
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d e Law #871-ZRK
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 2010 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’ΠΎΠΌ 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 2010 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c d Law #825-ZRK
- ^ "ΠΠ± ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ". ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π» ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΠΠ‘Π£ Π ΠΠ. (Russian Post). ΠΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ "Population of Sortavala 2022 | Sortavala population - statistics".
- ^ The Soviet bombing of Sortavala in pictures
- ^ Law #813-ZRK
- ^ "Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°". monuments.karelia.ru (in Russian).
Sources
- ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π‘ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β871-ΠΠ Π ΠΎΡ 29 Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 2005 Π³. Β«ΠΠ± Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΒ», Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° β1895-ΠΠ K ΠΎΡ 2 ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ 2015 Π³. Β«Π Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 9 ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ "ΠΠ± Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ"Β». ΠΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎ Π΄Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: Π³Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ° "ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ", β48, 7 ΠΌΠ°Ρ 2005 Π³. (Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia. Law #871-ZRK of April 29, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Karelia, as amended by the Law #1895-ZRK of June 2, 2015 On Amending Article 9 of the Law of the Republic of Karelia "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Karelia". Effective as of the official publication date.).
- ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π‘ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β825-ΠΠ Π ΠΎΡ 1 Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 2004 Π³. Β«Π ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ Π² Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΒ», Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° β1694-ΠΠ K ΠΎΡ 2 Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 2013 Π³. Β«Π ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ "ΠΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅" ΠΈ "Π‘ΡΠΌΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅" ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΒ». ΠΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎ Π΄Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: Π³Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ° "ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ", β141, 16 Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 2004 Π³. (Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia. Law #825-ZRK of December 1, 2004 On the Municipal Districts in the Republic of Karelia, as amended by the Law #1694-ZRK of April 2, 2013 On the Transformation of the Municipal Formations of "Nyukhchinskoye Rural Settlement" and "Sumposadskoye Rural Settlement" of Belomorsky Municipal District of the Republic of Karelia and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Karelia. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the day of the official publication.).
- ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π‘ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ β813-ΠΠ Π ΠΎΡ 1 Π½ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡ 2004 Π³. Β«Π Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ , ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π² Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΒ», Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° β1694-ΠΠ K ΠΎΡ 2 Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 2013 Π³. Β«Π ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ "ΠΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅" ΠΈ "Π‘ΡΠΌΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅" ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΒ». ΠΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ» Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎ Π΄Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½: Π³Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ° "ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ", β124, 126, 129, 132, 135, 136, 139, 4 Π½ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡ β 9 Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 2004 Π³. (Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia. Law #813-ZRK of November 1, 2004 On the Urban, Rural Settlements in the Republic of Karelia, as amended by the Law #1694-ZRK of April 2, 2013 On the Transformation of the Municipal Formations of "Nyukhchinskoye Rural Settlement" and "Sumposadskoye Rural Settlement" of Belomorsky Municipal District of the Republic of Karelia and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Karelia. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the day of the official publication.).
External links
Media related to Sortavala at Wikimedia Commons
Sortavala travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Sortavala.fi (in Finnish)